Indonesia, as a tropical region, has an exceptionally high aquatic biodiversity, particularly in coastal ecosystems such as estuaries, mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs. In addition to supporting fisheries production, coastal ecosystems are also known to be centers of various activities such as settlements, mining, recreation, transportation, and so on. As a result of these multiple human activities, these activities often have negative impacts on the surrounding aquatic environment. To address the degradation of potential biological resources in coastal areas, conservation efforts are necessary. Conservation is aimed at protecting, preserving, and managing the utilization of aquatic biological resources. Furthermore, for successful conservation, efforts must focus on aquatic ecosystems, fish species and genetics, and the utilization of conservation areas for fishery resources, including fishing, aquaculture, aquatic tourism, as well as research and education.